Democracy And Violent Civil Conflict - 1666 Words

Democracy and violent civil conflict Democracy is believed to have a pacifying power. With electoral processes, the rule of law and freedom from state oppression it makes sense that the populations has enough avenues to express grievances without resorting to full scale civil violence. Democracy beyond mutual democratic pacifism would thus have an impact on internal civil relations positively but this is not the case. There have been an increased number of cases of civil and ethnic violence in government systems that we might consider to be in stages of democratization. Evidence would seem to suggest that there are greater levels of violent civil conflict in these sort of regimes as opposed to full blown dictatorships or democracies. I†¦show more content†¦[4] Hypothesis. There are two major hypothesis in this paper i. Pseudo democracies have greater levels of civil violence than do democracies ii. Pseudo democracies have greater levels of civil violence than autocracies. Theory I argue that this could be as a result of a number of reasons, while an autocratic government might be able to use force to keep the population under tight control, a weak democracy with its relative political and civil freedoms is likely to bring strife as soon as institutions are not functional and transparent enough. Ethnic groups, religious groups or party faithful soon take to violence when the institutions in place is not trusted either due to incapacity or lack of transparency and since the citizens now have a voice and might not be exposed to the dangers of brutal crackdowns they soon are exposed to strife that soon become violent. This might be due to introduction of unpopular or controversial laws, dissatisfaction with government performance or suspicion of government’s actions. Competitive elections presents a whole new avenue for disagreement and where the representatives are disconnected from the electorate, they turn to violent conflict as a route to voice grieva nces with less fear of extreme crackdown by the government. The problem is that most often what would start as a peaceful demonstration explodes into an all-out riot with

Assa Free Essays

Ultimately all connected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone’s use. 3. As human activities and practices continue Nexus River, it was more off regional problem for the people living in the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Assa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nutrients and other chemicals that are released into human resources and public areas affect the entire system and causes many changes. They had to spend money on resolving the problem of all of those dead fish and many researchers were Involved In figuring the problem out and reaching a solution. 2. Systems In this study focuses on Interactions among human systems and those that are found In nature. Basically Interacting components that Influence one another by exchanging energy or materials. For example, the Nexus River. We don’t study Isolated areas of smaller regions because environmental scientists are Interested In larger scale septets and problems, such as the global climate system. Smaller systems are part of larger systems and are ultimately all connected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone’s use. 3. As human satellites and practices continue to affect our environment and world, we see that these interdisciplinary principles both aid scientists and somewhat cause problems. These principles show us many ways in which we are effecting the world, what factors we are changing. But also with all of these principles, this study gets very large and broad, and soon becomes a huge study. Many conflicts probably occur and even though there might be controversy between one law and the other, they are all needed in this study. How to cite Assa, Papers

Principles of Management for Non Business-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Management for Non Business. Answer: Introduction to MayBank Maybank is one of the largest bank of Malaysia by total capital assets as well as capitalization. It is ranked 95th in the list of top 1000 world bank among the bankers in 2015. Moreover, it is ranked 362 among Forbes Global 2000 Leading Companies. It can be said that Maybank is one of the largest public sector bank that is listed on Bursa Malaysia and the Malaysian stock market. The bank has an international network of 2400 branches and it has more than 20 offices in more than 20 countries. The main aim of the company is to humanize the financial services by having a proper pricing and other fair policies, advising the customers on the basis of their needs and experiences, providing people with better access to financial services and helping the people of the community. The vision of the company is to help in the advancement of the Asian countries. The new logo of the bank represented the refreshed corporate identity of the bank and thus it indicates that people must be considered c lose to their heart. It also indicated that a noble and majestic rendition of the tiger will help to demonstrate the leadership and strength of the bank in the entire region. The bank operates corporate banking as well as business banking and it has more than 2500 automated teller machines in different countries (Maybank, 2018). In 1990, Maybank has taken advantage of the new Malaysian offshore banking Act that has been passed in that particular year and this will help to set the new operation processes. The company has also tried to set up a series of new subsidiaries and this included Maybank International Ltd. that offers personalized as well as confidential banking services in different countries. The bank has also tried to develop its insurance market and thus launched the Maybank General Assurance Bhd. In the later half of 1990s, it began to give better effort for increasing its presence in other Southeast Asian regions. It has set up its subsidiaries in different countries and thus opened new branches in different locations. Maybank has captured a small market during that that period and there are three branch offices in different states. It has also entered Philippines in 1997 after the government of Philippines has passed the legislation act allowing the foreign banks to capture or gain majority pow er in the organization. There were mergers with different banks and thus this has allowed Maybank to maintain its position with the other top banking group. It can be said that Maybank is considered to be the first bank that has entered the Chinese mainland and thus open up their branch respectively in Shanghai. In the later half of 2000, it has laid out a strategy to establish the bank to be one of the leading player in the ASEAN market (Maybank, 2018). This has also allowed the bank to enter into other markets and thus break the regional economic barrier of these country. Moreover, Maybank is also trying to enter into other areas of financial services with the setup of Mayban Takaful Bhd. This paper will highlight the organizational structure of Maybank and it will also discuss the organization, planning, leading and controlling that will help in the contribution and development of Maybank. Further, recommendations are also provided on how the management will try to improve the growth of the company. Explanation of the organizational structure Fig-Organization structure of Maybank Source-www.maybank.com The corporate structure of the bank is divided into commercial banking, insurance, investment banking, asset management and other management services. In the commercial banking section, the Islamic bank was successful in the entire management. MaybankInternational Limited and MCB Limited was successful in these areas. They were managed by the board of directors and the CEO at different levels of organizational hierarchy. The insurance sector and the investment banking sector were also managed by the CEO of the company and each branch had different officers and chief officers who were associated with the charge of taking care of different departments. The head of the group for financial services is responsible for the growth, strategy as well as the performance of the CPS which covers business banking, SME segments, consumers as well as the value of shared sales of the organization. The head of the global banking service is also responsible for the growth and performance of the global banking system (Mahdzan, Mohd-Any Hamzah,2017). The chief strategy officer is also responsible for execution and management of the finance across the bank. Under the corporate secretary as well as the legal, compliance and Director General, there are several sub divisions such as strategic planning, internal auditor, corporate communication as well as community distribution. On the other hand, there are several sub divisions under the director and the risk management division such as the operational risk and business continuity, credit review management, retail credit policies as well as portfolio and traded as well as non-traded risk. On the other hand, under the global banking and the director associated under this bank, transaction banking, local multinationals as well as corporate and multinational banking. Moreover, the financial supply chain management and the international strategic business, special assessment and business banking quality are included under business bankin g (Jie, et al., 2016). Explanation on how planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling (PLOC) contributes to the success/ failure of Maybank. The primary challenge faced by the manager of every organization is to solve the problems in a creative way. It can be said that PLOC model will be beneficial in classifying the different activities carried out by the manager and it is considered as an useful way to achieve the organizational goals. Planning is considered the main function of the management and it involves setting out proper objectives and determining the ultimate course of action for their achievement of these objectives. The managers must be aware of the different environmental conditions that are faced by the organization and it will help in forecasting the future conditions. Therefore, it is important for the managers to be better decision makers. The process of planning involves several steps and this process starts with environmental scanning. The planners must be aware of the different types of critical contingencies that are faced by MayBank in terms of different economic conditions, customers as well as the competitors (Kadri, 2016). It is also vital for the planners to depict the future of the organization. The planners must be able to establish the objectives and therefore proper statements must be delivered to the customers. It is also vital to identify the course of action for achieving the different objectives. The planners must try to evaluate the best course of action for achieving the different objectives. It is important to formulate the different steps and to ensure that these steps are effectively implemented in a better way. There are different types of planning process such as strategic planning, tactical planning and operational planning (Hong, Cheong Rizal,2016). Strategic planning involves analyzing the different opportunities as well as strength and weakness of the organization. It will help in the determination of how the positions in the organization can be compared effectively in the environment. In tactical planning, planning takes place for one to three years and it is designed to develop the concepts in a better way and to implement the plan accordingly. It can be said that the middle level managers of Maybank are involved in these tactical process of planning. The operational planning process will assume the existence of Maybank or the organizational goals and objectives so that is becomes easier to achieve them. The process of operational planning is considered to be short ranged and it is designed in such away so that specific steps and actions are to be taken to design them in a proper way (De Jesus Torres,2017). It can be said that organizing is also an important function of management and it helps in the development organizational structure and allocation of human resources to ensure the fulfillment of objectives. The structure of Maybank can be considered as the framework within which various efforts will be co-ordinated in a better way. These structure is represented with the help of an organizational chart and thus it provides a graphic representation of the various commands within the organization (Mohamad, 2015). Moreover, it can be said that different decisions about the structure of the organization are generally referred to as organizational design. It can also be said that organizing involves the process of designing the job roles of the individuals and thus this will help to cluster in a much better way compared to other departments. There are different layers in the organizational hierarchy of Maybank and they use different methods of departmentalization. Different job designs ar e based on the principles of division of labour and it is assumed that the more narrower the job content, the more proficient will be the individuals in performing their job (Krishanan, KhinTeng, 2015). In the process of leading, the various formal as well as informal structures will help in the inspiration of the actions that are taken by others. The managers are considered to be the effective leaders and thus their sub-ordinates will be enthusiastic about the efforts to attain the different objectives and goals of the organization. There are certain behavioural science that helps to predict that it is important to understand the different functions of the managerial process. The various studies associated with job as well as the research process based on personality indicates the effectiveness of the managers and how they will lead the sub-ordinates. It is important to understand how effective the managers as well as the other sub-ordinates will be effective in handling the responsibilities. This will be effective if the managers understands the personalities of the individuals, values, emotions and their attitudes. The different theories of motivation will help the workers to put forward the different productive efforts in the organization (MohdThasThaker et al., 2016). The different process of controlling will also ensure that performance will not deviate from the different standards in the organization. There are certain steps where it is important to compare the actual performance against the different standards in the organization. Moreover, measuring the performance standards as well as taking better and corrective actions are important in the organization. The function associated with the role of the managers is associated with the work related activities in the organization. It is important for effective control as well as the for the existence of different plans in the organization and therefore proper planning is necessary to incorporate the changes in the organization. Generally there are two traditional methods of cost control in the organization and these are associated with the budget as well as performance audits in different organization. Similar is the situation in case of Maybank. It is important for a proper budget audit and thus t his will be beneficial in the provision of information in respect to the needs of the organization. On the other hand, the performance audit will also help the managers of the Maybank to determine the actual figures which are considered as a part of reflection in the organization. It can be said that these budget control methods are considered in terms of different financial criterias as well as it is the responsibility and duty of the managers to control the operational as well as production process associated with these changes. It can be said that the different functions of management associated with leading, planning, controlling are considered as the most important role of managers. There has been tremendous changes in the environment that are faced by the managers to perform well in the organization (Ariff, 2017). Problems faced by Maybank Maybankhas also faced several challenges in managing human capital and thus it has become important to prepare their employees to fulfill the key roles of the organization and to carry out their job in a responsible way. The bank is trying to build a pipeline pool and this will range from the entry level staff to the higher level managers who are involved in the organization. The employees must also be ready with a higher level of capability in different branches of the bank. The employees must be ready with different levels of capability processes that are crucial in different regions. It is also vital for the multiple support programmes to help the employees to ensure the customer as well as the operational process in the organization.Maybank has also faced problem in digital journey as thus it has become difficult to integrate seamlessly in the new technological system and thus impact the bottom line process in the organization (Siew, Fai Hoe, 2017). The employees are not satisfied with the wages and the performance bonus payed by Maybank. The employees who has been working for a long period of time feel that they are unimportant and therefore go on indefinite strike. This forces them to demand for higher wages and salaries and thus there chaos between the employees and the banking organization. Thus, this issue plays an important role and it needs to get resolved within a proper span of time. Moreover, the formation of multiple union has also led to chaos among the internal functioning of the bank. This is due to the inefficiency of the employees to work smoothly within the organization. The relationship between the employee-employer would be affected to a huge extent because of this problem (Tan, Hamid Chew,2016). Recommendation on how the management of Maybank can improve the growth of the company The management must try to focus on building the capability level that is to be considered from the perspective of talent management as well as the core banking principles in the organization. Various progarmmes associated with improvement of culture as well as raising the effectiveness of the employees are also crucial in the development of the organization. It is vital for the enhancement of different components that are received by the staff and thus it helps in the execution process in the organization. The implementation of the pay level policies and the launch of different employee share scheme are considered to be the long term component in the pay mix of the reward policy in the organization. Although these processes are considered to be much extensive, it is important for the managers to help in improvement of the productivity processes as well as managing the capability in the organization. The customers must also be given access to Maybank online banking services and they must also offer better services. It is vital to train the employees on different questions associated with online banking and thus help them to get a clearer idea of the banking norms and facilities. The bank must also try to create different advertisement processes in this case and thus keep the customers attracted. Maybank is also trying to create a people focused approach in the technological deployment and thus this does not help in merely satisfying the customers. There are some important factors that helps in the process of deployment as well as between end-to-end integration in the different processes in the organization. In terms of process designing, it can be said that it is vital to collaborate and employ the right people with the right set of skills in the organization. Maybank has established the central pillar behind the process of digital innovation and it considers the different types of technological processes that needs to be deployed in these case. Maybank is conscious about the different technological processes and it considers these process as obsolete and thus it needs further changes in the organization. The bank must also try to integrate the different processes of integration that will help to support the different technologic al processes as well as ensure that it is in accordance with the different organizational goals. There must also be seamless integration in the process and establish the different process of growth in the organization (Yunus, KamaruddinEmbong, 2017). Conclusion Therefore, it can be said that the process of online banking in Maybank is considered to be one of the easiest way in the banking operational process as well as it saves the time as well as the effort of the people who are involved in working with the organization. This also layed an impact on the banking structure and thus it affected the business of the companies as well as facilitated the transaction process of the organization. The transformation of the IT processes has helped in aggressive as well as progressive changes of Maybank. Moreover, the data mining process also needs to be considered and addressed accordingly. There must be high level of appreciation process and this is considered to be a growing portion in the workforce level in terms of sales as well as services in the organization. References Ariff, M. (2017). Islamic Banking in Malaysia: The Changing Landscape.Institutions and Economies, 1-13. De Jesus, F. L. B., Torres, E. A. (2017). Analysis of the ASEAN Banking Integration Framework: the Philippines as a looking glass for consumer preference.Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,7(1), 24. Hong, T. L., Cheong, C. B., Rizal, H. S. (2016). Service Innovation in Malaysian Banking Industry towards Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Environmentally and Socially Practices.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,224, 52-59. Jie, C. T., Yin, L. S., Nadarajan, P., Ramayah, P. (2016). A REVIEW OF REPUTATION FACETS OF SELECTED PUBLIC-LISTED COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA BASED ON REPTRAK MODEL.Journal of Human Capital Development (JHCD),9(2), 1-20. Kadri, M. H. (2016). Islamic Financial Reporting: Evidence From Malaysia. Krishanan, D., Khin, A. A., Teng, K. L. L. (2015). Attitude towards using mobile banking in Malaysia: a conceptual framework.methods,11, 12. Mahdzan, N. S., Mohd-Any, A. A., Hamzah, Z. L. (2017). Case Study 1: Co-creating Value with Online Banking Services: The Case of Maybank. InServices Marketing Cases in Emerging Markets(pp. 5-16). Springer, Cham. Maybank. (2018).maybank.com. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.maybank.com/MaybankAR16/#/home Maybank. (2018).maybank2u.com. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.maybank2u.com.my/ Mohamad, N. E. A. B. (2015). The Performance of Shariah Real Estate Investment Trust and Conventional Real Estate Investment Trust in Malaysia.Indonesian Capital Market Review, 1-11. MohdThasThaker, M. A. B., Mohammed, M. O., Duasa, J., Abdullah, M. A. (2016). Developing cash waqf model as an alternative source of financing for micro enterprises in Malaysia.Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research,7(4), 254-267. Siew, L. W., Fai, L. K., Hoe, L. W. (2017). An Empirical Investigation on the Efficiency of the Financial Companies in Malaysia with DEA Model.American Journal of Information Science and Computer Engineering,3(3), 32-38. Tan, L. H., Hamid, S. R., Chew, B. C. (2016). Service quality audit based on conceptual gaps model of service quality: a case study of top three largest local bank in Malaysia.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,18(1), 99-115. Yunus, S. M., Kamaruddin, Z., Embong, R. (2017). Towards Banking Jurisprudence: Understanding Islamic Banking Products in Malaysia.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,7(8), 215-228.

Rap And Violence Essays - African-American Culture,

Rap And Violence Since the late 1980's rap music has been called the Anti Christ in our culture, because of it's so-called influence in people's life. People swear up and down that the music is why people, specially the youth resort to violent crimes. I think by saying this they are trying to cover up the real truth by giving simple answers. Rap is defined as a style of popular music consisting of improvised rhymes performed to a rhythmic accompaniment. The first rap song was made in the late 70's, the songs were seven to eight minutes long and was mostly used in small clubs to dance to. It didn't really become popular until the early 80's. Over the years it has become mainstream music, everyone is listening to it. In the last four years rap made up 60% of music bought in stores in the United States. In 1989 a local group called N.W.A.(Niggaz Wit Attitudes) came from out of L.A. and changed rap, which was the start of Gangsta Rap. In their lyrics they talked about crime, street violence and killing. Once they were a huge hit, it caught on, and really that's when all this madness started. Everyone started rapping Gangsta style. More and more people started rapping about police brutality and killing people and with that crime rose to high levels. In my opinion it's not the artists or the record company's fault that crime rose. It's not their responsibility to look after every person who listens to their music. In all these years of rap though there are three people who took the most criticism from the public. Dr. Dre was one, after N.W.A. broke up he went on to do his own thing, and after he released "The Chronic" he became a star. He took rap to a higher level where it never been before and I think that scared a lot of people. He was rapping about drive by's, having sex with hundreds of women, drinking alcohol all day and so on. By this time the crime rate was sky high and a lot of people where looking for easy answers. It was mostly those few who just didn't like rap from the start that spoke out and tried to ban it. Most rappers loved the style Dr. Dre created, and so they tried to take the style and create something of their own. Along with Dr. Dre he helped a rising star Snoop Doggy Dog to become a big star by guest staring on his "The Chronic" album. Snoop released "Doggy Style" and it was a hit. His style similar to Dr. Dre made it a hit. It was his best-selling album to date. Congress tried every way they could to keep youth from listening to this music because they felt it was making them commit crimes. Snoop was charged not to long after his release for murder which he soon was found not guilty. They made a label for CD's and tapes that said "Parental Advisory Explicit Lyrics" which actually in my opinion didn't do too much. This way parents could be aware of the type of music their kids listen to and could choose if they would like to allow them to listen to it. If you sit down and think about it, when you buy a CD you by it because you want to listen to it, you don't really pay attention to that little label. Besides you see little kids no older then 11 walking around listening to Lil' Kim, Tupac, and all other rap artists cussing up a storm . . . what's with that? Why didn't the parents say anything about that, they have control over their children, yet critics and congress blame the rappers. The third man to take the most heat and who still continues to is Tupac Shakur. They say he was the best rapper alive and the most successful which I also believe is true. He has been in trouble with the law and public since his first album to even now after his death. He was arrested for numerous charges such as battery, attempted murder, and rape. In 1994 two 17-year-olds shot some police officers and said they did because they heard it in Tupac's music. Critics blamed him from the start with his to raunchy lyrics. Why blame him he didn't tell them to go shoot police officers? For the past three years, C. Delores Tucker has been talking and protesting rap lyrics

Read Graphic Novel And Answer 2 Questions Example

Read Graphic Novel And Answer 2 Questions Example Read Graphic Novel And Answer 2 Questions – Coursework Example Answers to the 2 questions Marji’s parents decided to send their daughter away from the current Iran political turmoil as they realized that the situation will cause a negative impact on their daughter. Marji was a patriotic and determined young-girl, and she has been aspiring to see justice prevail in her homeland but her ambition was susceptible to in causing her problem. Marji’s patriotic heart made her to be perceived as a rebellious girl in school. One day, Marji confronted with one of the teachers after speaking the truth that led her into trouble with the school. â€Å"You say that we don’t have political prisoners anymore, but we’ve gone from 3000 prisoners under the Shah to 300000 under your regime† (Persepolis p.144).After this incident Marji’s parent felt that Iran was no longer a safe place for their daughter,and because they valued education, they validated Marji to leave to Australia to enable her learn without restriction. â₠¬Å"trust[s] your education† (Persepolis p. 147).The novel end in giving us a vibrant reason on why children eventually break ties with those who raise them, and move to live their life. Marji breaks from her family and from her Iran culture that raised her hence fashioning her identity that enable her to grow into her own self.â€Å"Western† is used in Persepolis to reveal the existing stereotype that western Hemisphere specifically Europe and the U.S. have toward Iran. The author in her book had tried to elucidate how westernized Iranian was; Marji did this with a strong ambition of convincing western people to stop stereotyping Iranian culture. "Stereotypes of the Islamic Republic as oppressive and backward against the Western conviction over its own progressive liberalism" (Persepolis p.224).Marji dresses in western-style jeans hence assisting the author to contrast the Eastern and Waster culture to help people to grasp how westernized Iranian culture is. â€Å"I re ally didn’t know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very religious but as a family we were very modern and avant-garde.† (6). Marji was stuck between the two antagonistic worlds. One side Marji dressed in western-style cloth, and she felt contented with, while on the other side she dresses in a veil which although she hates at one point she saw the veil as beautiful. The author at the end of her book she drew a significant picture that there is a high possibility for bridging the predominant cultural difference between the Western and Eastern people.Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York, NY: Pantheon Books,  2003. Print.

Alcoholic Anonymous

Alcoholic Anonymous has the implication of a fellowship whose membership is composed of both men as well as women sharing a common experience, their potential strength as well as hope amongst themselves, in an anticipation of resolving a problem of recovery or retreat from alcoholism to which they are addicted. To fulfill the requirements for membership into the group, no financial contribution is required since the group is self supporting and sustained through the contributions that they make amongst themselves. The only requirement of a potential member is a history of addiction to alcohol and a strong desire to quit the drinking habit. The fellowship is not part of a particular sect, political group, institution, sect or any organization and avoids any form of involvement in controversial issues as well as the expression of the endorsement or the opposition of any cause. The main objective underlying the existence of the group is to lead a life of soberness as well as making efforts of assistance to other alcoholics interested in a life of soberness (Allen, 2000). It was not until I visited the meeting organized by AA that I discovered the potentials underlying our ability to quit alcoholism. By visiting club 24 which accommodates around 400 members with sits arranged strategically to face the story teller, the first sign of welcome is coffee as well as several other snacks meant for self service, as one reads the posters displayed on the wall advocating against smoking, vanity language as well as a highlight of the 12 steps that are essential to follow in the process of quitting alcoholism. The atmosphere outside is even more encouraging to meet the purposes of the meeting since there is a presence of a residential house for a family, a shopping centre, a school of an elementary level beautiful streets with buses of MBTA in operation, all serving the purpose of planting a negative altitude towards drinking especially after attending the meeting, since there is no bar around Initially there is a sense of nervousness anxiety and lack of confidence as one thinks that the alcoholic weaknesses inherent in a new member are noticeable, but with the progress in the meeting a sense of self confidence is cultivated. The entire group is very cohesive and ready to cooperate in sharing ideas about past experience in alcoholism. From the knowledge gained, redemption from alcoholism requires psychological curative measures. Most of the members had dented faces that indicate the agony underwent in their previous drinking habits to which they regret. In the group every member is a contributor of ideas and there is no bigger person than the other. For the purpose of comprehensive circulation of ideas members are organized in subgroups whose contribution is later shared among the entire group. The group meetings usually precede the entire meeting by the whole group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The highly noticeable issues in the meeting were the effects of alcoholism addiction including depression , degradation of the self worth of the individual, thinking as well as attempting to commit suicide   interdiction from the workplace leading to a breakdown of the family loss of family members through road accidents resulting from drunk driving, incidences of divorce as well as custodial sentences due to acts committed under the influence of alcohol, among many other undesirable actions as well as incidences. The importance of the existence of the fellowship and the main of the meetings that are held is for the purposes of ending the stigma that an individual is a real alcoholic and the mental as well as the body resemblance to other individuals. This situation is the basis of a drinking career bearing the characteristics of countless attempts but all in vain aimed at the justification of our potential drinking ability that is similar to that of others. For each existing abnormal drinker, there exists a great obsession idea about a day in the future that a control of the drinking habit will be achieved to the capacity of enjoying drinking (Johnson Chappel, 2004).   The meetings are responsible for the full concession of the fact of alcoholism as well as addiction to the deepest self of the individual as an important and primary step towards the process of recovery. At the same time the individual learns about the difference that is in existence in relation to other people. All the alcoholics, both men as well as women usually their potential ability for the control of the drinking behavior and majority of the real alcoholics seldom recover the actual control. The alcoholics at times develop a feeling that recovery is on their way, and a sense of control has been regained. However this situation are usually brief intervals that are latter followed by much less degree of control, a situation that makes the individual to express a sense of pity upon oneself as well as being demoralized to an incomprehensible degree. This leads to the notion that alcoholism status may progressively lead to the illness of the individual. The situation progresses towards the worse and never retreats to better (Bell, Montoya Dayton, 2006). Alcoholics resembles men whose legs have been chopped of which regrowth is an impossibility, just as a particular kind of treatment is never forthcoming. The experimental treatment though to reverse alcoholics and make them resemble the ordinally man with regard to the available approaches have not been fruitful. Some of the remedies that are imagined to work has brought temporary recovery that is later overtaken by a worse relapse. It is the belief of the expert physicians that the addicted alcoholics cannot find a way out of the addiction irrespective of whatever kind of a physical treatment. It is only science that is thought to posses the potential for this liberation although no step has so far been made towards the achievement of the objective (Johnson Chappel, 2004). The unfortunate thing about the deep alcoholics is their tendency to deny that they are actually deeply sunk in this class, and only makes the efforts of exempting themselves through self deception as well as experimentation and therefore labeling themselves non- alcoholic. If for heavenly sake an addicted alcoholic can adopt the right way of drinking in a gentleman way, the blame would be off the individual. For the purpose of the redemption from alcoholism, addicted alcoholics experiment on a variety of techniques. The commonly practiced ones include; drinking one brand of beer only, consumption of limited amount of drink, drinking in a company, avoiding early drinking, restricting drinking at home, absence of a drink inside the house, abstinence of drinking during the hours of active business, drinking only for the reason of an occasion, consumption of natural wine only, among so many others Conclusion It was evident from the facts arising in the meeting that majority of the alcoholics have suffers depression leading to attempts of suicide. Others had to use other drugs such as cocaine while others financed heavily some programs aimed at redemption from addiction. The successful redemption from this condition is a result of self worth as well as self esteem the contribution of AA is of immense to the society for its role in the act of cleansing the people who have lost they worth and esteem, a condition that may lead to the death of the individual. The families that were torn apart due to alcoholism cherish the contribution of AA for the restoration of glory in their homes. The contribution of AA reveals the medical as well as the non medical cure for alcoholism. References Allen, J. P. (2000). Measurement of the treatment process in Alcoholics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anonymous.   Stanford:   Stanford Univ. Press. Bell, C., Montoya, I. D., Dayton, C. A. (2006). The motivation towards treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of drug abuse. CA: Mt. View Press. Johnson, N. P., Chappel, J. N. (2004). Using Alcoholic Anonymous more   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   effectively. New York: Prager Publishers

Expert and pedagogical content knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Expert and pedagogical content knowledge - Essay Example One may gather this kind of knowledge through a training specific to that field through the assimilation of intense theoretical and practical assessment and methods. Pedagogical content knowledge was described by Shulman (1987a) as the combination of content and pedagogy into the comprehension of how certain topics, issues, or problems are structured, characterized and modified to the varied concerns and abilities of learners for instruction. This is the knowledge on how to teach the subject matter to beginners. Example of pedagogical content knowledge is the information on organizational framework that may serve as effective aid for individuals who want to learn the basics of organizational psychology. Basically, both expert and pedagogical knowledge is important in teaching. Without expert knowledge, the instructor would not have a strong foundation and would have low credibility for teaching a specific field. If he doesn't have the knowledge to teach the subject matter then, it would not also be effective. There had been a shift on the focus of learning from the teacher to the student (Angelo, 1997). Another distinction made was that teacher-centered mode of instruction is more content-driven while learner-centered instruction is learning process-driven (Cuseo, n.d.). Santrock (2003) came up with the principles of learner-centered instruction. One of his principles was goals of learning. He explains that goal setting helps student learning. This is in connection to motivation which can come from external factors such as the teachers and the environment and could also come from the person himself with his realization of important matters. Both of these will lead to the formation of a goal. When I was in the fourth grade, I was beginning to be aware of some of my classmates' academic excellence. I just thought of striving to make it to the honors list in order to know the feeling of being there. That was also when I got my first set of encyclopedia. I studied everyday reading every page of the encyclopedia. I was determined to perfect my tests and was actively participating in class. I became recognized in class and gained attention from my teachers. This started my participation in other extra-curricular activities. I got what I wanted and made it to the honors list. I became a consistent honor student until high school. That became my foundation and the experience itself acts as my present motivation. Using technology in the educational environment Classroom instruction has become easier and more efficient with the advent of technology. Present modes of teaching have utilized technology for audio and visual enhancement. For the visual aspect, instructors have used over-head projectors in the past and at present power point presentations are the most commonly used. Studies show that verbal instruction coupled with visual presentation yields more positive learning results as compared to receiving verbal instructions alone. This mode of presentation enables the instructor to prepare for the lecture in advance. This can also increase attention rates of students because of clear and organized lectures. These presentations can also be transferred, printed and uploaded to the internet so that the information can be