Computer Aided Instruction Essay

1.0 Introduction 1.1Background of the Study Bagbag National High School is one of those schools that incorporate PC subject in their educational program. The School needs to prepare their understudies to get learned in PC. Bagbag National High School was built up in the year1967 when President Ferdinand E Marcos endorsed the Presidential degree that arms on the dire needs of the secondary school in each baranggay and that connects poor kids in country zones who can't stand to concentrate in tuition based school because of budgetary trouble. It started operatively from a solitary room made of sawali with fire educators made out of four female and a male worked through the joint endeavors of the PTA Officers spearheaded by Luis Pasco Sr. furthermore, Ligtong Elementary School Principal, Ms. Lilia Santos in 1968 inside the situate of Ligtong Elementary School, Ligtong Rosario Cavite, at first known as Ligtong Community High School. (LCHS) around the same time rudimentary and secondary school were isolated as requested. The instru ctors of ligtong baranggay High School looked for help from the previous Mayor Atty. Ernesto Andico and Governor Johnny Remulla to locate another site for the secondary school. Luckily the Philippines National on Company (PNOC) gave a package of land estimating 14,933.5 Square meters in 1991 thinking about that the site was a homestead land and it was without a doubt four years of previous Congressman Jun Nazareno fencing of the region of the school was made conceivable. The development of the principal school building was through the help of Japan International Cooperating Agency producing 1.5m pesos. This school was initiated by Mrs. Emilina L. Barlao the school head. At present Bagbag National High School has 64 resources and staff. The school additionally has 2,143 understudies. This school offers Elementary and highschool training. They have 30 PCs in their Computer Laboratory. The school as of now offers PC subjects to third year and 4rth year secondary school understudies. Th e educators of the 4rth yr student’s who we met uncovered that different understudies in 4rth yr can only with significant effort comprehend the Mathematics subject in light of the fact that there are such huge numbers of understudy on each room and that makes some of them not see well what the instructor is discussing.. So this is the motivation behind why we wanted to make the framework CAI. To help the understudies who can’t comprehend math effectively additionally to help the teacher in Math to encourage the Math subject. 1.2 Statement of the Problem. 1.2.1 General Problem The most effective method to configuration, create and actualize a Computer Aided Instruction in Science for 4rth year understudy in Bagbag National High School. 1.2.2 Specific Problem 1. How to make a module that can increment student’s enthusiasm for science subject? The other understudy who can’t get comprehend math effectively, believe that math is so difficult subject for them. Since it about number and troublesome issues. So we have to make a module that can give them enthusiasm to contemplate the math subject. 2. The most effective method to plan a module that will screen the student’s progress in Mathematics. The educator of the understudies needs to physically check the composed activities and assessment of every understudy to screen if the understudies comprehend the exercises taken in math subject. 3. How to make a module that can test the learning perception of every understudy in arithmetic subject? The instructors need to give composed assessment. The educator needs to give an example to be illuminated by the understudies. 1.3Objective of the Study 1.3.1 General Objective The principle goal of the investigation is to configuration, create and execute a Computer Aided Instruction in Mathematics for Bag National High School. 1.2.3 Specific Objective 1. To make a module that can increment student’s enthusiasm for Mathematics subject 2. Plan a module that will screen the student’s progress in arithmetic subject. The framework produces singular history report and rundown report this assistance to the instructor in observing understudies progress on math subject. 3. To make a module that can test the learning perception of every understudy in Mathematics subject. Tests and seatwork were given to upgrade their insight and test their perception from exercises they have taken. 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.4.1 fourth Year Students The 4rth year understudy as the clients will be profited by the framework. Aside from being extra device in learning Mathematics subjects, the framework additionally bring the client into universe of PC based-learning. The framework will catch the student’s consideration in light of the fact that the framework is intelligent and will draw in the student’s intensity to improve their aptitudes by improving their score in tests and part assessment. 1.4.2. Educator Through the advancement report of the framework, the educator can screen the understudies who are quick and moderate students. The educator can ensure that the students have enough comprehension of the exercise before continuing to the following exercises. 1.4.3Bag Bag National High School PC Aided Instruction in Mathematics can help BagBag National High School to give extra device to understudies in learning math subject. 1.4.4Proponents Through the framework, the advocates can upgraded their aptitudes and information through conceptualizing and gathering work. 1.4.5Future Researchers The framework can fill in as a premise or aides for future scientists who will have comparable examinations. 1.5Scope and Limitation Degree * The substance of the framework are the essential exercises in regards to Mathematics subject of the understudy. * Quizzes and assessment were given to know the result of the exercises by the fourth yr understudies. * It creates singular advancement report that gives the historical backdrop of the tests and part assessment taken by the particular client and outline report to screen the advancement of the whole client. * English was utilized as the mode of guidance. Impediment * The framework won't utilize 3D movement in examining the exercise. * The examination doesn't take into account changes of the educational program just as proficiency of the understudy in PC essentials. * It won't be used to totally supplant the educators, however it will give extra apparatus to an understudy to adapt up to his/her investigations. 2.0Methodology Model A model is the example usage of the framework that shows constrained and primary practical abilities of the proposed framework. After a model is manufactured, it is conveyed to the client for the assessment. The model enables the client to decide how the element will work in the last programming. The client gives proposal and enhancements for the model. The improvement group actualizes the proposal in the new model, which is again assessed by the client. The procedure proceeds until the client and the advancement group comprehends the specific prerequisite of the proposed framework. Necessities Gathering Examination Plan Test Execution Necessities GATHERING Necessities gathering are a fundamental piece of any task and venture the board. Seeing completely what a venture will convey is basic to its prosperity. This may seem like presence of mind, yet shockingly it’s a zone that is frequently given extremely little consideration. Numerous tasks start with the barest feature rundown of necessities, just to discover later the customers’ needs have not been appropriately comprehended. Examination Frameworks examination is a procedure of gathering genuine information, comprehend the procedures in question, distinguishing issues and suggesting doable recommendations for improving the framework working. This includes considering the business forms, gathering operational information, comprehend the data stream, discovering bottlenecks and developing answers for beating the shortcomings of the framework to accomplish the authoritative objectives. Framework Analysis additionally incorporates partitioning of complex procedure including the whole framework, distinguishing proof of information store and manual procedures. Structure In view of the client prerequisites and the itemized examination of another framework, the new framework must be planned. This is the period of framework structuring. It is the most urgent stage in the improvement of a framework. The sensible framework configuration showed up at because of framework examination and is changed over into physical framework structure. In the structure stage the SDLC procedure keeps on moving from the inquiries of the investigation stage to the how. The intelligent structure delivered during the investigation is transformed into a physical plan †a definite portrayal of what is expected to take care of unique issue. Information, yield, databases, structures, codification plans and handling particulars are drawn up in detail. In the structure stage, the programming language and the equipment and programming stage in which the new framework will run are additionally chosen. Information structure, control process, hardware source, outstanding task at ha nd and confinement of the framework, Interface, documentation, preparing, methods of utilizing the framework, taking reinforcements and staffing necessity are chosen at this stage. Execution In the wake of having the client acknowledgment of the new framework created, the execution stage starts. Execution is the phase of a task during which hypothesis is transformed into training. The significant advances associated with this stage are: * Acquisition and Installation of Hardware and Software * Conversion * User Training * Documentation The equipment and the important programming required for running the framework must be made completely operational before usage. The change is likewise one of the most basic and costly exercises in the framework improvement life cycle. The information from the old framework should be changed over to work in the new organization of the new framework. The database should be arrangement with security and recuperation methodology completely characterized. TEST Before really executing the new framework into tasks, a trial of the framework is finished evacuating all the bugs, assuming any. It is a significant period of a succ

Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society

Before the 1940’s your normal lady would be at home dealing with the family unit tasks and getting ready cafe for the family. The ladies ensure that when her significant other and family restored that supper was on the table and the house was perfect. The men would work the entire day and make the family unit pay. In the late 1930’s mid 1940’s the job of ladies changed significantly. The world was doing battle again and unfortuntly the world was everything except prepared. Anyway had this war never had occurred ladies may in any case be in the kitchen today. Most of men were called upon to battle for their nation and realizing that you can’t be two places without a moment's delay the topic of who might run the factory’s, bussiness and all the things the men were doing before hand emerged. This is the place the ladies come in. Ladies replaced men completley. They were working in industrial facilities, shipyards, lumbermills, steelmills, and foundries. Ladies were going insane, they were trying the boundries and taking the best of their known capacities and taking them to the most elevated of their obscure. Ladies let their brains grow and it wasn’t long that the general public understood that ladies as well, had extradinary capacities. â€Å" Then, as well, there was my conviction that every so often ladies ought to accomplish for themselves what men have as of now done†¦ and sometimes what men have not done†¦thereby setting up them selves as people, and maybe promising other ladies toward more prominent autonomy of thought and action† Women filled in as welders, circuit testers, mechanics, boilermakers, engineers, specialists, material science, scientific experts, medical attendants, and numerous different occupations. More than 3 million ladies served at Red Cross. Before the fini sh of WW II, Americas wartime creation came to it’s most noteworthy point ever! Creation records incorporate 296,429 planes, 10,351 tanks and self-pushed firearms, 372,431 ordnance pieces, 47 tons of mounted guns ammo, 87,620 warships, 44 billion rounds of little arms ammo. On... Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society Before the 1940’s your normal lady would be at home dealing with the family unit tasks and getting ready burger joint for the family. The ladies ensure that when her significant other and family restored that supper was on the table and the house was perfect. The men would work the entire day and make the family pay. In the late 1930’s mid 1940’s the job of ladies changed significantly. The world was doing battle again and unfortuntly the world was everything except prepared. Anyway had this war never had occurred ladies may in any case be in the kitchen today. Most of men were called upon to battle for their nation and realizing that you can’t be two places without a moment's delay the topic of who might run the factory’s, bussiness and all the things the men were doing before hand emerged. This is the place the ladies come in. Ladies replaced men completley. They were working in plants, shipyards, lumbermills, steelmills, and foundries. Ladies were going insane, they were trying the boundries and taking the best of their known capacities and taking them to the most elevated of their obscure. Ladies let their brains grow and it wasn’t long that the general public understood that ladies as well, had extradinary capacities. â€Å" Then, as well, there was my conviction that once in a while ladies ought to accomplish for themselves what men have as of now done†¦ and sporadically what men have not done†¦thereby setting up them selves as people, and maybe reassuring other ladies toward more prominent autonomy of thought and action† Women functioned as welders, circuit testers, mechanics, boilermakers, engineers, specialists, material science, scientific experts, medical caretakers, and numerous different occupations. More than 3 million ladies served at Red Cross. Before the finish of WW II, Americas wartime creation came to it’s most noteworthy point ever! Creation records incorporate 296,429 planes, 10,351 tanks and self-impelled firearms, 372,431 mounted guns pieces, 47 tons of gunnery ammo, 87,620 warships, 44 billion rounds of little arms ammo. On...

Reputation.com

Reputation.com INTRODUCTIONMartin: Today we are in Redwood City in the Reputation.com office. Hi, Michael. Who are you and what do you do?Michael: I am the CEO and Founder of Reputation.com. Until about two months ago when I became Executive Chairman of the company. I started Reputation.com in 2006. It has been almost 10 years. Reputation.com is the first and by far the largest company in the world that protects privacy on the internet and the reputation on the internet. Our customers include millions of subscribers globally for that individual consumer product as well as thousands of companies that protect the reputation with our technology, usually by focusing on collecting reviews from their customers.Martin: How did you come up with that idea and what did you do before?Michael: I was living in Louisville Kentucky for a year because I was working for a judge. I went to Law school. In the United States, if youre originally good law student you have a chance to become whats called a clerk. Clerk s ounds administrative but in the field of law in America, its a fancy job to be a clerk to a federal judge. The judge for whom I worked was the chief judge of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in United States, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio and Michigan. This is one of the few Silicon Valley companies you will meet that was founded in Kentucky. It was during the clerkship in Louisville Kentucky where they ran a Kentucky Derby, for example, and drink bourbon and mint juleps (it is a very charming city) I realized that MySpace, which was big at the time and Facebook and so forth and other trends on the internet were exposing our personal details and that something about that was potentially a problem that the machine was co-opting us that we were being opted into the machine simply by using the internet. The bargain was a blind bargain that users and consumers did not know what they were signing up for when they turned on their computer. It made me annoyed. I remember feeling pissed off about that and the feeling stayed with me.Probably like with a lot of entrepreneurs you come up with an idea probably every five hours. Most of them are not worth even repeating to your best friend. Then every month or two you talk about something with a friend and every few months you research one and then every few years you come up with something that you just know is good. This one I felt was good. There was something else about it because it’s privacy and speech online and data online. I had to understanding although it was chaotic at the time, it was not very well formed. I had an understanding that there is something about technology and there is something about law both things were required to do something about this and to tackle this problem. I had a background in both. We had to figure out that we had to do something about it. It turned into Reputation.com. Who knew?Martin: Did you start this company while you had been a clerk?Michael: Yes.Martin: At what point did yo u say okay, I would now focus 100% of my time on Reputation.com?Michael: Federal clerkship is one year. It is a one-year deal. I knew that there was a time when the one-year deal will finish. So I started the company in April of 2006 and my clerkship ended in roughly September of 2006. We did not launch the website until after my clerkship ended because I did not want to embarrass my judge. I was doing basic preparatory work with my colleagues at the time to prepare for the launch of the website. I remember we launched in October 2006. My mom was my first customer.There is an interesting story for your audience. I think that when you are speaking to a group of entrepreneurs and people who want to be entrepreneurs the kind of story we are about to tell you sometimes is exciting. To be clear, I was working on this company, which at the time was called Reputation Defender. We later changed it to Reputation.com. In this course of the summer while I was clerking, with the idea of launchi ng a website after I finished clerking and seeing what would happen. But I never expected this to become a company that I would go do. In fact, I did not move to California to build this company after I clerked. I moved to California for a girl, which is always the story but also I had a job in California that I signed for to work effectively at a hedge fund. It is not exactly a hedge fund. The easiest way is to say, “It is an investment company that was a hedge fund.” I was fired after five days working there. I showed up to work with this person and there were five or six people on this fund. And the agreement here we had and the understanding here was that I was going to be his junior partner. He was an intense micro manager. I found out that he was checking my work by logging into my documents every night to see how much work I have done. The next morning he would say you did not work enough on this or that. I said to him, it does not matter what his name is, Hey, so and so. I am supposed to be your junior partner. This is not really feeling like a trusted partnership. You are managing me very closely. He fired me and he ended up going out of business a couple of years later.It was only because I was fired from a job in a week I decided to run Reputation.com full time. You never know where the blessings are going to come from.Martin: The product was ready and you only needed to acquire some more customers, or did you still have to work on shaping your product once you left the hedge fund?Michael: I think that product is never ready. I understand that sounds obvious and maybe flip. But some companies are better at building and then shipping, some companies either are better at that or need to build and ship, build and ship. I would say the first product that we built was our consumer product took I would say five years to mature; maybe four years to mature and in many ways it is still maturing.There are barely two kinds of venture-backed companies. Ther e is faster, better, cheaper and there is brave new world. Faster, better, cheaper means that there is a market that you know about. There are people who have built companies that are satisfying a market demand that is known and understood. Those companies that are faster, better, cheaper companies are doing exactly what it sounds like. They are going to do a better search engine, a better social media thing, a better logistics thing, a better e-commerce thing. They are going to make it cheaper or make it faster.In that case, you have to sharpen your product before you launch because you are competing on the edge of the envelope based on what you know the customer already wants. In those cases, it is better to make your product as clean and polished as possible before you ship it. Without doing that, you might increase your chance of failure.In the case of a brave new world company there is no share of wallet, that you are attacking, it is a new wallet. There is no line item in the expense budget for the person or the enterprise that says: I need digital privacy. That did not exist ten years ago. There is no line item, which says, “I need online reputation protection and enhancement.” That did not exist ten years ago.In that case, you might have to build and ship, build and ship because you do not really yet know what the product market fit is. You do not really yet know if people are going to buy. The product that ended up building our business quickly over a period of the first three or four years was a product that I did not invent. It was a product that our customers told us they want it. It was a derivative of the products, which I invented. We launched that product in response to demand. We built that plane in flight.BUSINESS MODEL OF REPUTATION.COMMartin: Let’s talk about the business model. You said before that you have two types of product targeting two customer segments, which is one the consumer or individual and the other one business. Can yo u elaborate on the type of Reputation problems in both customers’ segments can occur?Michael: Sure. I would say it is unusual for a startup to have consumer and enterprise products and offerings. I am not sure if I could design a problem or design a company. I am not sure how I would do it. We started as a consumer business and it turned out there was a very big enterprise demand. We built two businesses at the same time. Doing that has tremendous advantages, which are the consumers are buying it very quickly and enterprises slow and then enterprises are buying faster and consumers slower. This is profitable and this is consuming cash, huge advantages damages. We have certainly advantages in Reputation.com because a lot of the underlying technologies learnings, intellectual property we built for this has application here and vice versa. Not all of it but a lot of it.On the other hand, there are disadvantages to doing it this way. They include disadvantages, which are obvious; the marketing budget for enterprise is different for the marketing message in budget for consumer. In addition, it is different for the kind of people you hire. When we were strictly Consumer Company we look like a fraternity house or in some ways of fraternity / sorority house where kids are showing up in t-shirts and flip-flops. Just like in the movies about Internet companies. When you do enterprise, all of a sudden, people are show up in colored shirts; there are people with haircuts that look more like yours than mine and people that wear sport jackets. It is a very different culture inside a company. You can have two different cultures inside the business. These things are not necessarily easy. They can be very powerful if you can get them well. But I think it is an extra hurdle of difficulty to do both at the same time. They have to go where the business needs to go. That is clear as an entrepreneur.As to the problems that they face they face the same kinds of problems differen t problems of scale. A person intends to get attacked and criticized sometimes fairly, sometimes unfairly and usually it is unfair. It is unfair because it is not true or it is unfair because it is true but definitely not the whole story. If you went on a date and the only thing that the internet thinks about you is that you are terrible at dates because the one person you want to date with was negative and decided to attack you online. Well that is not the default dating history but thats what the internet thinks. Internet is not intelligent by itself it is intelligent because of a lot of content over a long period by many voices. It is not intelligent about you and the instance of what happened last Thursday. That is a humans challenge.A companys challenge is usually some version of that. They did a good job or a bad job at servicing a customer and providing a product to a customer. That customer is speaking loudly online in a way that is accurate or not but certainly not complete . These are two different kinds of problems but they are the same basic vector.Now, companies in particular tend to get reviews and reviews have a very big impact on commerce today. People do not tend to get reviews. They tend to get far more reviews which are your comments.Martin: How is your problem solving this kind of reputation risk that the consumer and the companies are facing? Can you walk me through really what you were doing and how is this helping solve the potentially inaccurate information that is published on the internet for an individual, for example?Michael: Individual people care a lot about their search results. That makes sense because if one person says: Hey, you are not a good husband. That is what people say about you in that one result and it might be the only thing people say about you online or the only thing that is visible about you online. Or someone who has your same name that that person is a bad husband that might be confusing. We call that the double -name problem. It comes from the German (Doppelgänger).What we had to do we had to find a way to publish content about you that is accurate and neutral, not glowing, laudatory. Just to make sure that it shows up above the other content online that is negative. It pushes the negative stuff down. It does not take it off the internet. That is important. The internet does not have a delete button. We just need to give you a more complete picture of yourself online that is more accurate.The second thing is about companies. Companies are not reviewed enough. Except for restaurants, bars, and nightlife nobody goes on home and says I want to review my accountant or I want to review my florist. What you need to do is make it easy for them to collect real reviews. Thats all. You dont incentivize reviews, you dont pay for reviews, you dont give discounts reviews, you don’t do favorites reviews â€" you just make it very easy for Mark and John and Sarah and Sally to give reviews and guess wha t? If you make it easy for them, they will. Then you get a more complete picture of what is out there about you and what people think. It is usually quite positive. Some are constructive. If your receptionist is a nasty person then that is going to have a very bad impact on the entire experience of your doctors office even if the medical care is good, the décor is good, the nurse is good, and the doctor is good. The receptionist can ruin everything. We should know that. We should tell the receptionist to shape up or leave. That is useful feedback. That is operating feedback.At the same time if someone comes to your doctors office with a broken knee, God forbid, and is waiting for 45 minutes, you see him and you fix his knee and now he can walk again. He leaves, and he says well they kept me waiting for 45 minutes, two stars out of five. That is a somewhat obnoxious in my opinion. It is also not accurate. It is not a truly representative point of view about what happened, you could not walk and now you walk and you waited 45 minutes â€"wasn’t it worth it?You at least watched two hours of stupid television last night. It is not like youre wasting time. Fine. Maybe you should not have been keeping someone waiting for 45 minutes that is true. But whether that should now make the doctor a two out of five stars doctor in the world of internet that does not make sense to me. What that doctor needs to have is a set of tools to make it easy to review her online so that her complete picture of feedback can come across.Martin: The complete picture is that somebody interested in this doctor would go to Reputation.com and check out the doctors profile. You aggregate all the data for a doctor or is it that you are trying to change or have an impact on the Google search results what is showing up, what is showing down.Michael: The doctor would buy our product and make it very easy for her patients to review her. Those reviews would show up on the doctors website and on a nother review websites that we plug into.This all comes back to a set of concepts that I published in my new book, which is published in January 2015. It is called The Reputation Economy, which was number seven on the New York Times bestseller list.Martin: Not too bad.Michael: Not too bad. One of the main ideas of the book is that everyone is going to have a reputation score in the future. That comes from a combination of three technologies that are coming together that I think will be impactful for every one of the people who are going to build a business after watching your website, after looking and researching entrepreneurship on your website. The thing for them to keep in mind is that there are three technologies right now. We see the Internet that is changing the world. We say that a lot in Silicon Valley and it is often not true. I do not think any rebirth changes the world. I do not think the iPad changes the world. We say many silly things in Silicon Valley. We pivot in Sil icon Value. We do not change our minds we pivot. It sounds more important.Martin: So, it is more Silly-con Valley.Michael: Like every place, we have our diseases. One of the diseases in Silicon Valley is that it has no sense of irony. It has no sense of humor about itself. It is a very sincere place. Everything is extremely earnest, which is annoying. Europeans are better about that question. Southern California is better about that, and New Yorkers are better about that. Silicon Valley has its own strengths and diseases, like any place.In this case, I think unlike in the case of Angry Birds I do think that these technologies will change the world. And by the way, I did not invent any of them. I just believe that these things around us are going to change the world.The first is infinitely powerful and free search. Google and its related progeny are making everything findable very quickly, first based on the text and then later on audio and visual search.Second, is a technology of ri ght now which is infinitely free storage. The Amazon, Cloud and so forth, those things are making storage basically free. Right now, at this moment in time for the first time in human history, not technology history but of human history, it is cheaper to store something forever than it is to delete it. Think about that. It is cheaper to store something forever than it is to delete it, to find and delete it. Therefore, we have a new default setting for humanity where we will keep everything like digital hoarders forever because it is cheaper and easier.The third technology is emerging now. It is the technology from five to ten years, which you can bucket under the name Hadoop or MapReduce. These technologies or protocols allow people who are educated but not especially skilled in the art of data analysis to do data analysis.You are a journalist and entrepreneur and you use Microsoft Excel. You are not an accountant or economist but you use Microsoft Excel.Martin: Yes. I am a trained accountant and economist. I have some experience with Hadoop and MapReduce.Michael: You are a trained economist?Martin: Yes.Michael: Okay. I did not realize that. Your brother is not a trained economist and he uses Microsoft Excel. The point is that Microsoft Excel, which probably every one of your viewers has used, has done for numbers what Hadoop and MapReduce will produce for analytics. I love the fact that you have already used Hadoop and MapReduce. Educated people who are not especially skilled in numbers unlike you are using Microsoft Excel. Educated people who are not special skilled in data analysis like you, are using Hadoop and MapReduce to do data analytics. In the next five to ten years, fifteen years everybody is going to be using Hadoop or MapReduce. Whether you call it, Hadoop or MapReduce is a different question.These three technologies when taken together, everything will be stored, everything will be findable and everything will be analyzed, will result in everythi ng being scored. Everything is getting scores. You as a person as a cook, as a babysitter, as a neurosurgeon, as a writer, as a reader will get scores and so will your business. This will result in what I call the reputation economy because everyone has a score. Everything will be understandable and assessed based on that score. Machines will increasingly make decisions about us without human intervention.What does that mean? Five years ago, when employers look for candidates for jobs they posted an ad. Employee candidates sent the resumes in, they look through the resumes, and they decided which one they should interview. Today those resumes are submitted electronically and then keywords like Yale or Stanford or University of Michigan and computer science and economics are extracted digitally and you have a manual process to review those resumes.Increasingly what is happening is those resumes are being scored by machines that connect the resume information to digital online informa tion that compares how Jonathan is doing compared to his cohorts in college. How Sarah is being compared to the people with whom she graduated at Yahoo at a certain date. How quickly are they progressing through the career development, are they progressing on average, faster or slower? Increasingly, and this is maybe more dangerous or more exciting, machines are going to be assessing the cultural fit between the employee candidate and the employer. Is this person someone who likes to work hard and play like us, is this someone who is very serious like us, is this someone whos very casual and social like us, is this someone who has a clear passion for activism like us, is this someone who is very professional like us? Does this person not only academically and credentially meet our success factors but does this person also cultural meet our success factors?That is important because we already know, if I settle a question, computers are better at interviewing people than humans are. C omputers are better at assessing whether someone will succeed in their job then human interviews are. They are more accurate. Not for every job; not for the most senior jobs, but they are better as predictors.What is going to happen is in some small number of years the recruiting manager is not going to look at thousand resumes or even a hundred. She is going to look at four or three. Those three or four are going to be chosen by a computer. If you are not on that pile of three or four you might not exist.Martin: You said about this reputation score. Would it be just that information that is out there you would just give it something like a trustworthy stamp or is it only a combination attached to individual? If you look at a specific history of some people, maybe at a restaurant with like 100 reviews â€" you can either give each of those reviews some kind of trustworthiness or you can just combine them, aggregate them somehow and then say for the restaurant is this the average rati ng with this kind of trustworthiness?Michael: That is a very sophisticated question. Let’s use your example of restaurants because I think its a good way to unpack the fact patterns that will lead to a revelation of what the new technologies will do.On one hand, lets say you have a hundred reviews for your restaurant. You have some sense after a hundred reviews over a period anyway whether the restaurant is basically good or basically bad. Now most restaurants end up being about three and a half to four stars out of five. That is not very useful because if everything is kind of 3.75 then can you really tell. What happens is if you observe human beings who read restaurant reviews what they do, they usually go through some form of the following human algorithm right now.The first thing they do is they look for geography and for cuisine or geography and quality. They do a quick scan of three and a half to four and change stars. Anything that is below that they take off the list. Easy . But, that includes a lot of stuff. Many restaurants are left in the list.Now, they start to look at the reviews individually. If you unpack what they are actually doing the psychologists, they are looking for reviews that could have been written by them. That is different for Jack as it is for Sarah. Jack might be someone who looks for atmosphere and emphasis on service and Sarah might be someone who is interested in the taste of the food. Someone who is a more careful writer or perhaps more sophisticated, more educated person might look for a high quality of writing. This is a subtle and maybe not even conscious step but it is a step that they take. They value reviews that are more careful that are less flamboyant that have fewer exclamation points that do not have many all caps. People who are maybe more passionate might look for the opposite.What is happening is more or less a rapid automatic manual mental scoring of each review; whether it could have written by me this is th e something that speaks to me. What a supple good reputation scoring system will do will understand what YOU respond to in terms of feedback versus I respond to. We will do a dynamic scoring system based on what it knows about you versus me.When you look at people who are buying cameras, they want a very good camera. Very experienced photo camera people will look for very specific user feedback. More beginners will look for broader themes but whats interesting about this is of course negative reviews can dissuade about eighty percent of the time, they can dissuade the purchase. In some cases, negative reviews can reinforce the purchase. Why? If you have a negative review from someone who is obviously extremely knowledgeable about the camera, who has a very specific need of photographs taken in the forest at night looking for certain kind of bird the beginner will actually say: Well, who cares about that review? Thats from some super camera nerd. I do not need that kind of detailed f eedback. I actually feel good about this camera purchase because I do not need to do another $1,000 camera investment, 500 bucks is enough for me.Good sophisticated scoring system will have a personal Google rank for you in the same way that you are already doing when you look for restaurant reviews yourself.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM MICHAEL FERTIK In Redwood City (CA), we meet Founder Executive Chairman of Reputation.com, Michael Fertik. Michael talks about his story how he came up with the idea and founded Reputation.com, how the current business model works, as well as he provides some advice for young entrepreneurs.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Today we are in Redwood City in the Reputation.com office. Hi, Michael. Who are you and what do you do?Michael: I am the CEO and Founder of Reputation.com. Until about two months ago when I became Executive Chairman of the company. I started Reputation.com in 2006. It has been almost 10 years. Reputation.com is the first and by far the largest company in the world that protects privacy on the internet and the reputation on the internet. Our customers include millions of subscribers globally for that individual consumer product as well as thousands of companies that protect the reputation with our technology, usually by focusing on collecting reviews from their customers.Martin: How did you co me up with that idea and what did you do before?Michael: I was living in Louisville Kentucky for a year because I was working for a judge. I went to Law school. In the United States, if youre originally good law student you have a chance to become whats called a clerk. Clerk sounds administrative but in the field of law in America, its a fancy job to be a clerk to a federal judge. The judge for whom I worked was the chief judge of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in United States, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio and Michigan. This is one of the few Silicon Valley companies you will meet that was founded in Kentucky. It was during the clerkship in Louisville Kentucky where they ran a Kentucky Derby, for example, and drink bourbon and mint juleps (it is a very charming city) I realized that MySpace, which was big at the time and Facebook and so forth and other trends on the internet were exposing our personal details and that something about that was potentially a problem that the machin e was co-opting us that we were being opted into the machine simply by using the internet. The bargain was a blind bargain that users and consumers did not know what they were signing up for when they turned on their computer. It made me annoyed. I remember feeling pissed off about that and the feeling stayed with me.Probably like with a lot of entrepreneurs you come up with an idea probably every five hours. Most of them are not worth even repeating to your best friend. Then every month or two you talk about something with a friend and every few months you research one and then every few years you come up with something that you just know is good. This one I felt was good. There was something else about it because it’s privacy and speech online and data online. I had to understanding although it was chaotic at the time, it was not very well formed. I had an understanding that there is something about technology and there is something about law both things were required to do so mething about this and to tackle this problem. I had a background in both. We had to figure out that we had to do something about it. It turned into Reputation.com. Who knew?Martin: Did you start this company while you had been a clerk?Michael: Yes.Martin: At what point did you say okay, I would now focus 100% of my time on Reputation.com?Michael: Federal clerkship is one year. It is a one-year deal. I knew that there was a time when the one-year deal will finish. So I started the company in April of 2006 and my clerkship ended in roughly September of 2006. We did not launch the website until after my clerkship ended because I did not want to embarrass my judge. I was doing basic preparatory work with my colleagues at the time to prepare for the launch of the website. I remember we launched in October 2006. My mom was my first customer.There is an interesting story for your audience. I think that when you are speaking to a group of entrepreneurs and people who want to be entrepreneu rs the kind of story we are about to tell you sometimes is exciting. To be clear, I was working on this company, which at the time was called Reputation Defender. We later changed it to Reputation.com. In this course of the summer while I was clerking, with the idea of launching a website after I finished clerking and seeing what would happen. But I never expected this to become a company that I would go do. In fact, I did not move to California to build this company after I clerked. I moved to California for a girl, which is always the story but also I had a job in California that I signed for to work effectively at a hedge fund. It is not exactly a hedge fund. The easiest way is to say, “It is an investment company that was a hedge fund.” I was fired after five days working there. I showed up to work with this person and there were five or six people on this fund. And the agreement here we had and the understanding here was that I was going to be his junior partner. He was an intense micro manager. I found out that he was checking my work by logging into my documents every night to see how much work I have done. The next morning he would say you did not work enough on this or that. I said to him, it does not matter what his name is, Hey, so and so. I am supposed to be your junior partner. This is not really feeling like a trusted partnership. You are managing me very closely. He fired me and he ended up going out of business a couple of years later.It was only because I was fired from a job in a week I decided to run Reputation.com full time. You never know where the blessings are going to come from.Martin: The product was ready and you only needed to acquire some more customers, or did you still have to work on shaping your product once you left the hedge fund?Michael: I think that product is never ready. I understand that sounds obvious and maybe flip. But some companies are better at building and then shipping, some companies either are better at that or need to build and ship, build and ship. I would say the first product that we built was our consumer product took I would say five years to mature; maybe four years to mature and in many ways it is still maturing.There are barely two kinds of venture-backed companies. There is faster, better, cheaper and there is brave new world. Faster, better, cheaper means that there is a market that you know about. There are people who have built companies that are satisfying a market demand that is known and understood. Those companies that are faster, better, cheaper companies are doing exactly what it sounds like. They are going to do a better search engine, a better social media thing, a better logistics thing, a better e-commerce thing. They are going to make it cheaper or make it faster.In that case, you have to sharpen your product before you launch because you are competing on the edge of the envelope based on what you know the customer already wants. In those cases, it is better to make your product as clean and polished as possible before you ship it. Without doing that, you might increase your chance of failure.In the case of a brave new world company there is no share of wallet, that you are attacking, it is a new wallet. There is no line item in the expense budget for the person or the enterprise that says: I need digital privacy. That did not exist ten years ago. There is no line item, which says, “I need online reputation protection and enhancement.” That did not exist ten years ago.In that case, you might have to build and ship, build and ship because you do not really yet know what the product market fit is. You do not really yet know if people are going to buy. The product that ended up building our business quickly over a period of the first three or four years was a product that I did not invent. It was a product that our customers told us they want it. It was a derivative of the products, which I invented. We launched that product in response t o demand. We built that plane in flight.BUSINESS MODEL OF REPUTATION.COMMartin: Let’s talk about the business model. You said before that you have two types of product targeting two customer segments, which is one the consumer or individual and the other one business. Can you elaborate on the type of Reputation problems in both customers’ segments can occur?Michael: Sure. I would say it is unusual for a startup to have consumer and enterprise products and offerings. I am not sure if I could design a problem or design a company. I am not sure how I would do it. We started as a consumer business and it turned out there was a very big enterprise demand. We built two businesses at the same time. Doing that has tremendous advantages, which are the consumers are buying it very quickly and enterprises slow and then enterprises are buying faster and consumers slower. This is profitable and this is consuming cash, huge advantages damages. We have certainly advantages in Reputation.com be cause a lot of the underlying technologies learnings, intellectual property we built for this has application here and vice versa. Not all of it but a lot of it.On the other hand, there are disadvantages to doing it this way. They include disadvantages, which are obvious; the marketing budget for enterprise is different for the marketing message in budget for consumer. In addition, it is different for the kind of people you hire. When we were strictly Consumer Company we look like a fraternity house or in some ways of fraternity / sorority house where kids are showing up in t-shirts and flip-flops. Just like in the movies about Internet companies. When you do enterprise, all of a sudden, people are show up in colored shirts; there are people with haircuts that look more like yours than mine and people that wear sport jackets. It is a very different culture inside a company. You can have two different cultures inside the business. These things are not necessarily easy. They can be ve ry powerful if you can get them well. But I think it is an extra hurdle of difficulty to do both at the same time. They have to go where the business needs to go. That is clear as an entrepreneur.As to the problems that they face they face the same kinds of problems different problems of scale. A person intends to get attacked and criticized sometimes fairly, sometimes unfairly and usually it is unfair. It is unfair because it is not true or it is unfair because it is true but definitely not the whole story. If you went on a date and the only thing that the internet thinks about you is that you are terrible at dates because the one person you want to date with was negative and decided to attack you online. Well that is not the default dating history but thats what the internet thinks. Internet is not intelligent by itself it is intelligent because of a lot of content over a long period by many voices. It is not intelligent about you and the instance of what happened last Thursday. That is a humans challenge.A companys challenge is usually some version of that. They did a good job or a bad job at servicing a customer and providing a product to a customer. That customer is speaking loudly online in a way that is accurate or not but certainly not complete. These are two different kinds of problems but they are the same basic vector.Now, companies in particular tend to get reviews and reviews have a very big impact on commerce today. People do not tend to get reviews. They tend to get far more reviews which are your comments.Martin: How is your problem solving this kind of reputation risk that the consumer and the companies are facing? Can you walk me through really what you were doing and how is this helping solve the potentially inaccurate information that is published on the internet for an individual, for example?Michael: Individual people care a lot about their search results. That makes sense because if one person says: Hey, you are not a good husband. Tha t is what people say about you in that one result and it might be the only thing people say about you online or the only thing that is visible about you online. Or someone who has your same name that that person is a bad husband that might be confusing. We call that the double-name problem. It comes from the German (Doppelgänger).What we had to do we had to find a way to publish content about you that is accurate and neutral, not glowing, laudatory. Just to make sure that it shows up above the other content online that is negative. It pushes the negative stuff down. It does not take it off the internet. That is important. The internet does not have a delete button. We just need to give you a more complete picture of yourself online that is more accurate.The second thing is about companies. Companies are not reviewed enough. Except for restaurants, bars, and nightlife nobody goes on home and says I want to review my accountant or I want to review my florist. What you need to do is m ake it easy for them to collect real reviews. Thats all. You dont incentivize reviews, you dont pay for reviews, you dont give discounts reviews, you don’t do favorites reviews â€" you just make it very easy for Mark and John and Sarah and Sally to give reviews and guess what? If you make it easy for them, they will. Then you get a more complete picture of what is out there about you and what people think. It is usually quite positive. Some are constructive. If your receptionist is a nasty person then that is going to have a very bad impact on the entire experience of your doctors office even if the medical care is good, the décor is good, the nurse is good, and the doctor is good. The receptionist can ruin everything. We should know that. We should tell the receptionist to shape up or leave. That is useful feedback. That is operating feedback.At the same time if someone comes to your doctors office with a broken knee, God forbid, and is waiting for 45 minutes, you see him and yo u fix his knee and now he can walk again. He leaves, and he says well they kept me waiting for 45 minutes, two stars out of five. That is a somewhat obnoxious in my opinion. It is also not accurate. It is not a truly representative point of view about what happened, you could not walk and now you walk and you waited 45 minutes â€"wasn’t it worth it?You at least watched two hours of stupid television last night. It is not like youre wasting time. Fine. Maybe you should not have been keeping someone waiting for 45 minutes that is true. But whether that should now make the doctor a two out of five stars doctor in the world of internet that does not make sense to me. What that doctor needs to have is a set of tools to make it easy to review her online so that her complete picture of feedback can come across.Martin: The complete picture is that somebody interested in this doctor would go to Reputation.com and check out the doctors profile. You aggregate all the data for a doctor or is it that you are trying to change or have an impact on the Google search results what is showing up, what is showing down.Michael: The doctor would buy our product and make it very easy for her patients to review her. Those reviews would show up on the doctors website and on another review websites that we plug into.This all comes back to a set of concepts that I published in my new book, which is published in January 2015. It is called The Reputation Economy, which was number seven on the New York Times bestseller list.Martin: Not too bad.Michael: Not too bad. One of the main ideas of the book is that everyone is going to have a reputation score in the future. That comes from a combination of three technologies that are coming together that I think will be impactful for every one of the people who are going to build a business after watching your website, after looking and researching entrepreneurship on your website. The thing for them to keep in mind is that there are three techn ologies right now. We see the Internet that is changing the world. We say that a lot in Silicon Valley and it is often not true. I do not think any rebirth changes the world. I do not think the iPad changes the world. We say many silly things in Silicon Valley. We pivot in Silicon Value. We do not change our minds we pivot. It sounds more important.Martin: So, it is more Silly-con Valley.Michael: Like every place, we have our diseases. One of the diseases in Silicon Valley is that it has no sense of irony. It has no sense of humor about itself. It is a very sincere place. Everything is extremely earnest, which is annoying. Europeans are better about that question. Southern California is better about that, and New Yorkers are better about that. Silicon Valley has its own strengths and diseases, like any place.In this case, I think unlike in the case of Angry Birds I do think that these technologies will change the world. And by the way, I did not invent any of them. I just believe th at these things around us are going to change the world.The first is infinitely powerful and free search. Google and its related progeny are making everything findable very quickly, first based on the text and then later on audio and visual search.Second, is a technology of right now which is infinitely free storage. The Amazon, Cloud and so forth, those things are making storage basically free. Right now, at this moment in time for the first time in human history, not technology history but of human history, it is cheaper to store something forever than it is to delete it. Think about that. It is cheaper to store something forever than it is to delete it, to find and delete it. Therefore, we have a new default setting for humanity where we will keep everything like digital hoarders forever because it is cheaper and easier.The third technology is emerging now. It is the technology from five to ten years, which you can bucket under the name Hadoop or MapReduce. These technologies or protocols allow people who are educated but not especially skilled in the art of data analysis to do data analysis.You are a journalist and entrepreneur and you use Microsoft Excel. You are not an accountant or economist but you use Microsoft Excel.Martin: Yes. I am a trained accountant and economist. I have some experience with Hadoop and MapReduce.Michael: You are a trained economist?Martin: Yes.Michael: Okay. I did not realize that. Your brother is not a trained economist and he uses Microsoft Excel. The point is that Microsoft Excel, which probably every one of your viewers has used, has done for numbers what Hadoop and MapReduce will produce for analytics. I love the fact that you have already used Hadoop and MapReduce. Educated people who are not especially skilled in numbers unlike you are using Microsoft Excel. Educated people who are not special skilled in data analysis like you, are using Hadoop and MapReduce to do data analytics. In the next five to ten years, fifteen yea rs everybody is going to be using Hadoop or MapReduce. Whether you call it, Hadoop or MapReduce is a different question.These three technologies when taken together, everything will be stored, everything will be findable and everything will be analyzed, will result in everything being scored. Everything is getting scores. You as a person as a cook, as a babysitter, as a neurosurgeon, as a writer, as a reader will get scores and so will your business. This will result in what I call the reputation economy because everyone has a score. Everything will be understandable and assessed based on that score. Machines will increasingly make decisions about us without human intervention.What does that mean? Five years ago, when employers look for candidates for jobs they posted an ad. Employee candidates sent the resumes in, they look through the resumes, and they decided which one they should interview. Today those resumes are submitted electronically and then keywords like Yale or Stanford or University of Michigan and computer science and economics are extracted digitally and you have a manual process to review those resumes.Increasingly what is happening is those resumes are being scored by machines that connect the resume information to digital online information that compares how Jonathan is doing compared to his cohorts in college. How Sarah is being compared to the people with whom she graduated at Yahoo at a certain date. How quickly are they progressing through the career development, are they progressing on average, faster or slower? Increasingly, and this is maybe more dangerous or more exciting, machines are going to be assessing the cultural fit between the employee candidate and the employer. Is this person someone who likes to work hard and play like us, is this someone who is very serious like us, is this someone whos very casual and social like us, is this someone who has a clear passion for activism like us, is this someone who is very professional li ke us? Does this person not only academically and credentially meet our success factors but does this person also cultural meet our success factors?That is important because we already know, if I settle a question, computers are better at interviewing people than humans are. Computers are better at assessing whether someone will succeed in their job then human interviews are. They are more accurate. Not for every job; not for the most senior jobs, but they are better as predictors.What is going to happen is in some small number of years the recruiting manager is not going to look at thousand resumes or even a hundred. She is going to look at four or three. Those three or four are going to be chosen by a computer. If you are not on that pile of three or four you might not exist.Martin: You said about this reputation score. Would it be just that information that is out there you would just give it something like a trustworthy stamp or is it only a combination attached to individual? I f you look at a specific history of some people, maybe at a restaurant with like 100 reviews â€" you can either give each of those reviews some kind of trustworthiness or you can just combine them, aggregate them somehow and then say for the restaurant is this the average rating with this kind of trustworthiness?Michael: That is a very sophisticated question. Let’s use your example of restaurants because I think its a good way to unpack the fact patterns that will lead to a revelation of what the new technologies will do.On one hand, lets say you have a hundred reviews for your restaurant. You have some sense after a hundred reviews over a period anyway whether the restaurant is basically good or basically bad. Now most restaurants end up being about three and a half to four stars out of five. That is not very useful because if everything is kind of 3.75 then can you really tell. What happens is if you observe human beings who read restaurant reviews what they do, they usually go through some form of the following human algorithm right now.The first thing they do is they look for geography and for cuisine or geography and quality. They do a quick scan of three and a half to four and change stars. Anything that is below that they take off the list. Easy. But, that includes a lot of stuff. Many restaurants are left in the list.Now, they start to look at the reviews individually. If you unpack what they are actually doing the psychologists, they are looking for reviews that could have been written by them. That is different for Jack as it is for Sarah. Jack might be someone who looks for atmosphere and emphasis on service and Sarah might be someone who is interested in the taste of the food. Someone who is a more careful writer or perhaps more sophisticated, more educated person might look for a high quality of writing. This is a subtle and maybe not even conscious step but it is a step that they take. They value reviews that are more careful that are less fla mboyant that have fewer exclamation points that do not have many all caps. People who are maybe more passionate might look for the opposite.What is happening is more or less a rapid automatic manual mental scoring of each review; whether it could have written by me this is the something that speaks to me. What a supple good reputation scoring system will do will understand what YOU respond to in terms of feedback versus I respond to. We will do a dynamic scoring system based on what it knows about you versus me.When you look at people who are buying cameras, they want a very good camera. Very experienced photo camera people will look for very specific user feedback. More beginners will look for broader themes but whats interesting about this is of course negative reviews can dissuade about eighty percent of the time, they can dissuade the purchase. In some cases, negative reviews can reinforce the purchase. Why? If you have a negative review from someone who is obviously extremely knowledgeable about the camera, who has a very specific need of photographs taken in the forest at night looking for certain kind of bird the beginner will actually say: Well, who cares about that review? Thats from some super camera nerd. I do not need that kind of detailed feedback. I actually feel good about this camera purchase because I do not need to do another $1,000 camera investment, 500 bucks is enough for me.Good sophisticated scoring system will have a personal Google rank for you in the same way that you are already doing when you look for restaurant reviews yourself.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM MICHAEL FERTIKMartin: Michael, over the last years, what have been your major learnings and what is your advice that you would like to share to first entrepreneurs?Michael: One thing that I can say to entrepreneurs is when you are thinking of starting a company one talk I give is how to generate two lists that could be very helpful in determining which company to start.The first list is what do you love?The second is what you are good at?These are secret lists. It is important that I describe and emphasize the secret list because nobody ever has to read them except you. That is important because you have to be very critically honest with yourself about what you love and what you are good at. Why? Some of the answers might be embarrassing. It is tempting when you are confronted with this kind of exercise to do what you think you should which is I love leadership and I love delivering passionately develop products through organic and artisanal methodology of construction to where the customers for the betterment of local population. That may be true; however, it is not the actual thing you love. You may love the environment but nobody wakes up saying I love to deliver artisanal products to people to my local population. They love things about it that results in that conclusion.If you love basketball but you are not good at it that is not a company for you t o start. If you love basketball, you love talking, you love negotiating, you love keeping track of your teams, you love winning, you love socializing, you love talking on the phone. And you are good at critical thinking, following scores, staying up late and sleeping very little, then maybe there is a business to be built around online gaming involving basketball and your passion for basketball. I am making it up.Why are these lists so important? These lists are important because whatever you are going to do as an entrepreneur especially if it is not a lifestyle business, especially if it is a venture-funded type of business, you are going to be doing it a lot. You are going to be doing it all the time to the exclusion of other things in your life. If you will love it, you have a higher chance of surviving the times when things are going poorly, you are feeling bad about yourself, and your business and your prospects and they always happen. On the margin, loving the thing you do all ows you to get out of bed that morning or go to work and feel good and put on your game face.If you are good at it, you have a higher chance of success. That sounds obvious but there is a lot of truth in the Venn diagram overlap of what you are good at and what you love. Somewhere in there, your company exists. It doesn’t mean its going to be a good company, it doesnt mean its going to be a very profitable company, it doesn’t mean it is going to be the best of all possible companies but its probably going to be the company that you have the highest chance of succeeding in doing.It is just too hard. This is the first world somewhat hard. Lets acknowledge that. It is just too hard to start a company to add the extra risk of falling in love with it quickly because you do not really love in the first place.Martin: Great! Michael, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge. It was a pleasure.Michael: My pleasure.Martin: Maybe if you just want to start a company, just go back to you r home, take a sheet of paper and a pen and write your two secret lists of what do you love and what you are good at. Maybe out of that you can combine and create a great and awesome company.

The The Modern Temper - 1124 Words

The beginning of the â€Å"Roaring 20’s† requires a complex understanding of the forces in the United States and how it created a self-conscious break with the past and a search for new forms of expression and politics. Dumenil in her book â€Å"The Modern Temper† identifies and defines how modernism came about in the United States. Her thesis stipulated that through the rapid industrialization of the United States following the footsteps of WWI; the mass migration from Eastern Europe and the South to the industrial belt of the Midwest; and the expansion of urbanization (4) lead to the rise of modernism. Dumenil asserts throughout her book that the rejection that changing values and behavior contributed to the shaping or a more pluralistic†¦show more content†¦The industrial capacity of the United States quickly recovered while rural America lingered in a post-war depression. However, with the rise of business the rise of consumerism became the norm. This was lightly or poorly covered in my opinion since it would expand the role of the traditional values of the rural or older values against the newer values of industrialization and leisure. Dumenil next covers the emerging consumer culture with the reinvention of work and its implications on the American society as well as the influence of more aptly the lack of influence of the labor unions. At the heart of this new consumerism was the rise of the automobile industry in the northern Midwestern industrial belt. Dumenil makes a faulty assertion that the Black migration to the Northern industrial belt were for these relatively high paying jobs. They were not; they were for the service industry in those cities. Dumenil fails to cover the white migration out of the Appalachia’s (Hillbilly Highway) to the industrial belt. This is a critical error in her thesis since in her later chapters she covers the expansion of the KKK and its role in the 1920s. The Appalachian migration now expanded rolls of KKK in new areas that were previously not covered. In addition to her failure of mentioning the role of the Appalachian migration; was its impact in the northern labor unions. These individuals were less willing to unionize than the

The Futile Search For Reason - 1348 Words

Anusha Fatehpuria Harlin World Literature 3 March 2017 The Futile Search For Reason The core idea of Albert Camus’ philosophy of absurdity centralizes upon the idea that humans exist in a meaningless universe, and follows that humans must simply accept this fact to live life to the fullest. In addition to this absurdist notion, Albert Camus also uses The Stranger to show how humans still strive to create superficial meaning to fulfill their own personal needs. Through the experiences and interactions in Meursault’s life, Camus illustrates that in spite of how events in life follow no rational order, society attempts to futilely create meaning to explain human existence. Meursault’s lack of motive in the murder of the Arab man illustrates†¦show more content†¦Immediately before shooting, Meursault describes the overbearing effect of his surroundings on his physical existence, saying â€Å"My whole being tensed and I squeezed my hand around the revolver. The trigger gave† (59). 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Importance of Talking for Teachers and Childrens Learning Free Essays

This survey will be based in C Infant School, a Leicester interior metropolis school. Most of the observations will come from a twelvemonth 2 category. This school is a really big baby school which is really culturally diverse, with huge differences in abilities amongst the kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Talking for Teachers and Childrens Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Talk is considered to be important for larning, non merely for kids but for instructors also.A This assignment will be looking at the importance of talk for kids ‘s apprehension of the universe and besides the importance of talk for instructors to understand kids. This assignment will look at what different theoreticians have to state about the function of talk for acquisition and so expression at my survey and findings to see if there are any links to the literature.A Literature Review There is a scope of grounds carried out by research workers which look at talk for acquisition. Myhill et Al ( 2006 ) believes that the teacher- student talk enhances acquisition and kids learn by being asked inquiries by their instructors. Their survey focused on the issues environing oppugning kids and believed that this is the most important function of talk for acquisition. This survey was called the TALK undertaking and this undertaking looked into the different types of questioning.A The instructors who participated in the TALK undertaking saw oppugning to be more about scaffolding acquisition and non so much about commanding the lesson content. They felt that oppugning encouraged kids and allowed instructors to supervise what kids understood. It besides gave chances to kids to rehearse thoughts and develop their thought. The Talk undertaking showed that instructors use different types of oppugning schemes. The instructors cardinal positions on oppugning were that oppugning is a manner of affecting kids, unfastened inquiries are superior to closed inquiries, good inquiries are the tools of the trade for effectual instruction and the best inquiries facilitate acquisition and thought ( Myhill et al. , 2006 ) . Evidence from the TALK undertaking showed that a individual lesson might incorporate short explosions of factual oppugning to get down the session and so travel on to inquiring inquiries to look into apprehension. Types of oppugning differed depending on cont ent, context and age of kids. This undertaking showed that comparing one type of inquiry to another does non assist judge how appropriate or effectual the inquiry may be in relation to the context, but raised the inquiry that is factual oppugning overused? Besides, how instructors might utilize different types of oppugning that infusion more luxuriant, developed and thoughtful responses from kids. A Besides back uping Myhill et Al is Tough ( 1977b as cited from Moyles, 1989 ) . Tough stated that certain types of inquiring is indispensable to advance kids ‘s thought. A Agring with Tough ( 1977b as cited from Moyles, 1989 ) is Aschner ( 1961 as cited in Gall, 1970 ) who claimed that inquiring inquiries is one of the basic ways by which the instructor stimulates an person ‘s thought and learning.A Barnes ( 2008 ) nevertheless, found oppugning in learning a two manner procedure. He believed that in order to increase the usage of acquisition, kids should besides be oppugning their instructor every bit good as themselves. This sets thoughts in their heads which are more likely to hold a longer permanent consequence on their memories.A Wegerif and Dawes ( 2004 ) agreed that oppugning was a good beginning for increasing talk. They found students believing and acquisition was higher when it involved instructors promoting treatment after every inquiry. Mercer and Dawes ( 2008 ) believe that kids are encouraged to speak and hold more clip to believe about an reply before showing it. Scrimshaw ( 1997 ) argued that kids do non cognize how to transport on a treatment due to put land regulations ( in Mercer and Dawes, 2008 ) .A There has been research which illustrates that talk differs in conformity to the country of course of study being taught. In numeracy there is a greater opportunity of factual inquiries being asked, whereas in literacy there are more unfastened inquiries which can be asked. This is because numeracy consists of a set reply. Nonetheless, in 1999 the DfEE found that talk can be encouraged in acquiring kids to explicate how they reached their replies in numeracy ( Myhill et al, 2006 ) . Keogh and Naylor ( 2007 ) found the best manner of promoting talk in scientific discipline is through reasoning, discoursing and researching, ignoring land regulations. Furthermore, it is of import to hold land regulations for talk because this maintains societal order and the instructors ‘ duty to maintain talk â€Å" curriculum-relevant † ( Mercer and Dawes, 2008 ) .A Alexander ( 2008 ) believes effectual acquisition is achieved if instruction is linked to a kid ‘s society values and through forming relationships. Evidence on this research focused on talk for larning in different civilizations and their different results. Harmonizing to Alexander, ( 2008 ) talk is a ‘skill that the pupil acquires instead than something that pupils and instructors together do in order to larn ‘ . It was made clear in this survey that talk is non merely merely a conversation between two individuals but besides about human dealingss. Alexander ( 2008 ) suggests, if the relationship between instructor and pupils is excessively formal ( teacher bases and pupil listens ) this has an consequence on schoolroom talk. Whereas, if a instructor sits with the kids who are positioned in a manner they can see each other, perchance set uping tabular arraies in a â€Å" horseshoe or square form † so speak can be achieved more efficaciously. The kids are so able to listen to each other every bit good as think from their equals positions in relation to whole category acquisition. ( Alexander, 2008 ) A Piaget ( 1967 ) was a review of many other theoreticians working in this field nevertheless, he agreed with Alexander ( 2008 ) to some extent. He argued that although kids being straight involved with talk was of import it was non cardinal to his chief findings. A kid learns by detecting, absorbing and building thoughts about what they hear and visualise around them. This is more of a â€Å" constructive procedure † ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . He believed it is more effectual for kids to speak to each other in groups instead than an adult/teacher. This is due to experiencing a sense of similarity and equality amongst other kids, whereas, kids might experience threatened to discourse their positions with an authoritative/powerful figure such as an adult.A Doise at Al ( 1981 ) had similar findings which show group work being more effectual than single work. When kids come into contact with other kids with different positions this allows and encourages the kids to re-examine their ain initial thoughts. This can so take to possible acknowledgment of a higher order solution that resolves the struggle ( in Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . Furthermore, Geekie et Al ( 1999 ) found that every bit good as kids being straight involved with more knowing persons, these persons should move as function theoretical accounts. They should believe aloud when speaking to kids to assist heighten their acquisition ( in Waugh and Jolliffe, 2008 ) .A A A A A Although Vygotsky ( 1978 ) agreed on Piaget ‘s position of larning being a constructive procedure he gave more accent to societal interaction and acknowledged this as being the â€Å" nucleus development procedure † ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . His theory explained that all persons have a Zone of Proximal Development which describes the difference between what a kid can achieve and when their acquisition is supported and besides what they can achieve when larning independently. Harmonizing to Paiget talk for acquisition was more effectual during equal interaction between kids of a similar ZPD. However, Vygotsky argued that the interaction between the â€Å" more and less knowing † encouraged the function of speaking. ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) .A A survey by Barnes ( 2008 ) found that the most of import facet of a kid ‘s ability to larn through talk is by building new thoughts in relation to what they already know. By â€Å" seeking out † new ways through talk frequently builds on kids ‘s apprehension of the universe ( Barnes, 2008 ) . This links to what Bruner ( 1961 ) believed which is kids learn through detecting things for themselves. Although Bruner thought active duologue is an of import portion of larning he focused more on the usage of memory. Children are able to get new cognition and understanding with the aid of old cognition stored in their memories. In order for kids to absorb information their acquisition should be simplified which they can retrieve and remember when obtaining new cognition. This is what Bruner referred to as the preservation of memory. Bruner believed the function of talk for acquisition was an of import dependent on kids ‘s handiness for linguistic communication used i n the schoolroom, which would subsequently make up one’s mind on their preservation of memory.A Methods and procedure To get down with I felt it was of import to detect how my wise man facilitates talk in the schoolroom in order for me to make the same. I decided to detect my wise man in both literacy and maths to see the different ways my wise man facilitated talk. Across two literacy Sessionss ( appendix 1 ) , my wise man asked the kids many unfastened inquiries, but alternatively of replying straight off they were told to ‘talk to your spouse†¦ ‘ to discourse what the possible replies could be. There was a batch of mated talk during the whole category debut which chiefly occurred after my wise man asked a inquiry. During the chief activity the kids were given inquiries to discourse and speak about and were informed to speak to their equals on their tabular array to discourse and portion their thoughts with each other. They were besides told that at the terminal my wise man would travel about and listen to what ideas each group has come up with to portion with the category as a whole. During the chief activity my wise man went around the little groups merely listening to treatments and merely intervened to widen their ideas and replies. Having observed those two Sessionss it was clear to see that my wise man facilitated talk a batch throughout the lessons, giving clip for kids to discourse thoughts and replies. This was done in many ways from discoursing inquiries and replies in braces, little groups and as a whole category. It is of import to state that talk was ever encouraged after inquiring a inquiry ( normally open ) . This was besides the instance in the two maths Sessionss I observed ( appendix 2 ) . My wise man asked inquiries which could merely hold one correct reply but still encouraged the kids to work with their spouses to work out the replies. Open inquiries were besides asked to see how kids work out the replies, ‘what do I necessitate to make? ‘ It was besides of import to detect my two focal point kids, Dylan and Dhrumil to see how they interact during mated talk, little group treatments and whole category treatments. While I was sharing a book with Dylan ( appendix 3 ) I found he tended to associate parts of the narrative to his personal experiences and talked a batch about his personal experiences. When I asked some closed inquiries Dylan would answer with a yes or no but ever extended the replies by stating me why. During an R.E session ( appendix 4 ) I asked the category a inquiry, ‘what is your particular topographic point? ‘ and each kid had to state me what their particular topographic point was. I found that Dhrumil answered with merely saying a topographic point and Dylan stated his particular topographic point and besides said why. After detecting both kids it became clear that although Dylan was able to reply inquiries and widen them by giving inside informations and saying why, Dhrumil would be given to give an reply without widening it. Therefore, this led me to inquire more unfastened inquiries or inquire farther inquiries in the lessons I planned and taught in order to larn more about him and his understanding. The observations of my wise man ‘s instruction and planning helped me to compose up my ain programs. Differentiated activities harmonizing to group abilities, doing lessons every bit active as possible and encouraging kids ‘s thought through oppugning were all taken into consideration. I wanted to seek easing more elaborate talk and treatments as this was more fruitful cognition to assist me understand the kid and their thought. As a consequence, I made certain I asked a batch of unfastened ended inquiries and ever asked inquiries to widen their thoughts and ideas. I decided to make this in the same method as my wise man, holding kids work in braces, groups and whole class. Although I did this for most Sessionss I decided to concentrate on easing talk during the maths Sessionss. I asked a batch of inquiries to happen out what they ab initio know ( appendix 5 ) , ‘how could we mensurate†¦ ? I asked inquiries to see what they understood ( appendix 6 and 7 ) , ‘what have you found out? Why have you put this object in this portion of the diagram? ‘ I asked many different types of inquiries during the maths Sessionss, as normally mathematical inquiries tend to hold one consecutive factual reply. I asked different types of inquiries as it would assist me understand what the kids already know, why they have done something, how they worked the reply out. It besides helps me to set up any misconceptions the kids may hold and assist me to place kids who have grasped a construct and those who may non hold. Furthermore it helps me to measure the kids ‘s cognition and apprehension and this information is important is this will steer me t o be after harmonizing to kids ‘s learning. Analysis and reading of evidence After looking at different theoreticians ‘ stance on talk for acquisition and my ain findings, it is clear to see that oppugning plays a cardinal function in teachers/adults larning and apprehension of kids. This is apparent in two of my numeracy lesson ratings ( appendix 9 ) . In both these ratings it states how inquiring helped me to place kids who had troubles and kids who were more than able. It is besides apparent to see that oppugning plays a cardinal function in kids ‘s acquisition and apprehension ( appendix 10 ) . In this rating it states that oppugning helped develop the kids ‘s thoughts. Therefore, this links and supports Myhill et Al ‘s ( 2006 ) belief that the teacher- student talk enhances acquisition and kids learn by being asked inquiries by their instructors furthermore that oppugning kids is important in the function of talk for learning. To advance talk in the category I was based in, I made certain I asked inquiries which helped me understand what the kids have done, how they have done it and why. This is apparent in the maths and literacy Sessionss ( see appendix 5, 6, 7 and 8 ) . I asked different types of inquiries during the session, inquiries which required callback of the old Sessionss, inquiries to happen out what they thought and their ain positions, inquiries which required them to give sentiments and satiate why and inquiries to widen their thought. All these different types of inquiries were asked so I could understand the kids better. Learn more approximately them as persons and besides see them develop new thoughts. Once one kid gives a response to a inquiry it normally stimulated others to give their thoughts including new thoughts. This was good as it promoted originative thought, therefore associating with Aschner ( 1961 as cited in Gall, 1970 ) , who claimed that inquiring inquiries is one of the ba sic ways by which the instructor stimulates an person ‘s thought and learning. Furthermore, as these were normally unfastened inquiries the kids had the freedom to state what they wanted without the fright of giving a incorrect reply. Normally when kids are asked inquiries which require consecutive replies, I found that in some instances they would either be loath to reply, which could propose fright of being incorrect or they would merely take random conjectures. This so links in good with many of the theoreticians, Tough ( 1977 as cited from Moyles, 1989 ) who said about certain types of oppugning being indispensable for kids ‘s acquisition. It was of import to advance talk to measure and measure them as persons and besides program for patterned advance. Although unfastened inquiries were utile in acquiring a scope of different thoughts and replies, sometimes I needed to inquire inquiries which required a right reply, so a specific reply. This was the instance in certain maths Sessionss ( appendix 5 and 6 ) . Asking closed inquiries helped me understand if the kids understood or knew the reply. If an incorrect reply was given I found inquiring how they worked the reply out helped in placing if their methods were wrong which in bend resulted in the incorrect reply or if their methods were right but the reply was wrong due to small errors and mistakes. Therefore inquiring both opened and closed inquiries are really of import as it would merely do me more cognizant of what the kid understands, what they are fighting with, what misconceptions they have and overall assist me understand the kid. Therefore, besides ensuing in m e reflecting on my ain pattern excessively see what I may be making incorrect, what other schemes I could utilize to assist persons, how I can widen their acquisition and so on. Thus, back uping Myhill et Al ‘s ( 2006 ) findings from the TALK undertaking how instructors might utilize different types of oppugning that infusion more luxuriant, developed and thoughtful responses from children. Furthermore grounds obtained from observations of my wise mans oppugning manner ( appendix 1 and 2 ) , promoting talk and treatment after every inquiry, supports Wegerif and Dawes ( 2004 ) that oppugning is a good beginning for increasing talk and that pupils believing and acquisition is higher when it involved instructors promoting treatment after every question. After looking at my grounds most of them relate to the thought of oppugning being a cardinal point in talk for acquisition. This is besides apparent in my literature reappraisal. Questioning is seen to be important for kids ‘s acquisition, understanding and believing besides oppugning is important for adults/teachers to understand children. Conclusion ( a ) The chief findings from all the research surveies are that most of the theoreticians believe that acquisition is an active procedure, through interaction with equals and grownups. Underliing all their theories and schemes is talk, as talk is required for interaction. Most of the research I looked at stated oppugning to be the most important factor in talk for larning. Most significantly instructors ‘ demand to see the type of inquiries they ask, inquiries which will non merely promote talk but aid instructors understand kids. To reason I found that talk does assist kids ‘s acquisition, understanding and believing. This is through oppugning and interaction between others. What makes it more effectual is varied oppugning and guided or supported interaction. I have learned that factual inquiries are merely every bit good as unfastened inquiries, but they are merely effectual when used in the right contexts, for the right content and for the right ages. However, it is most likely to be more effectual when a assortment of inquiries are asked in a individual lesson. This would profit me and others as I will be doing certain to inquire varied inquiries to assist me develop as a instructor and aid develop kids ‘s acquisition also. Conclusion ( B ) I found that talk is important for kids ‘s acquisition as hearing others positions and thoughts helps boom their ain positions and thoughts. But most significantly I found that instructors need to advance talk more by the types of inquiries they ask. I found that inquiring different types of inquiry non merely helps me as a instructor but the kids besides. It helps me understand what the kids know, their old cognition and besides how that cognition has grown over clip. It helps me assess kids ‘s cognition of topics, makes it more seeable to see which kids are fighting and which are progressing ; hence, it makes me more cognizant of what I need to make in order to assist persons to travel them frontward. Before I conducted this survey I held the belief that kids speaking was of import for us as instructors to cognize what they understand but did non see the importance of instructors speaking every bit good, but most significantly instructors supplying the chance for talk. But after holding looked at other research and holding experienced it myself I believe that in order for kids to speak instructors need to supply the chance for talk particularly after oppugning, giving kids clip to discourse and develop thoughts, whether this is in braces, little groups or as a whole class. How to cite Importance of Talking for Teachers and Childrens Learning, Essay examples